CHEMICAL PHYSICAL composition OF INTERNAL environmnet AND SEA WATER
PART 1: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEA(By Manuel Palacios, From his book: "70%. Therapeutic use of the internal and external sea")
Sea hides, disseminated in the breast of its waters, thousands of millions of tons of approximately 77 chemical elements: chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, aluminum, iodine, copper, zinc, mercury, gold, phosphates and many other . At current time, three main minerals that are extracted in profitable way from the sea are salt (only product that man obtains in big quantities); magnesium (together with its compounds), and bromine.
The existence of different salts dissolved in sea water is due that during thousands millions of years, rivers constantly have transported substances coming from erosion(rains), until ocean .
Salt concentration stays more or less constant although glide waters contribute annually with 400 million tons of solid substances besides that, when evaporating ocean water, this passes to atmosphere in form of distilled water leaving salts.Concentration changes that could happen by these phenomenons are very small (is difficult that man can perceive them)
Sea water is compound by 96.5 percent of water and 3.5 percent of dissolved salts; on average it contains 35 grams of salts per liter,(It has 35 parts per thousand (35,000)), although this proportion varies according to areas of the planet being the half term from 27 to 33 parts per thousand; i.e.Baltic Sea has great quantity of sweet water, it salinity is from zero to two parts per thousand (it´s reallly a big lake), while Red and Dead Sea reach more than 40 parts; Mediterranean Sea presents the average from 37 to 39 and some arctic seas from 30 to 33 parts per thousand.
Main chemical elements in sea are: chlorine, sodium, carbon, sulfur, calcium, potassium and magnesium. These elements are associate among them forming very varied combinations: i.e: carbon forms carbonates and bicarbonates, sulfur forms sulfates, chlorine is presented in form of chlorides. Among all these substances dissolved in sea water, sodium chloride is the most abundant and represent 80 percent of salts that compose this water.
Also, in ocean are disolved all gases that are in the tmosphere like nitrogen, oxygen, carbonic dioxide and strange gases distributed in variable quantities depending of physical characteristics, mainly temperature and salinity that determine their concentration of them in the water from the surface when establishing a balance with the atmosphere and when controlling the solubility of these gases. Metabolic action of organisms that live in sea influences in changes of concentration of gases dissolved in water. Oxygen have big importance in these biological processes, and for that reason, it the most studied. Carbonic dioxide is also important in these processes, on the other hand the nitrogen is seemingly inert.
Marine organisms use chemical elements in different ways. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are employees in photosynthesis, process that uses sun (light) energy to transform inorganic substance, as the dioxide of carbon and other, in organic substances, like carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The aquatic vegetables take advantage of the solar radiation better that terrestrial ones, Chlorella algae it takes advantage of 2% of incident light, against 1% of terrestrial plants. These aquatic vegetables are in depths less than 200 meters, since sunlight only penetrates until those areas; however other organisms like bacterias and the red and brown algae, that live deeper and do chemical reactions to obtain energy and produce new organic matter through chemicalsynthesis.
Chlorine and sodium are fundamental constituents sea water in form of sodium chloride (common salt) and represents 80 % of salts in solution. This quantity and composition of chlorine and sodium in seawater are very similar to organic liquids as blood, visceral liquids that form the internal evironment of animals and they role is decisive in physiology, functions of these alive beings. After chlorine and sodium, magnesium is the most abundant element in sea water. It is in a constant relationship regarding chlorine. It combines with other elements forming magnesium chloride , magnesium sulfate and magnesium bromide and it is present in skeleton of some marine organisms. The sulfur is in form of sulfates, whose concentration varies little, although they can change its proportions notably in waters near to coast due influence of fluvial waters, richer in sulfates than marine ones. In oceanic basins as Black Sea, bacterias don't need oxygen to breathe, and reduce marine sulfates and make them throw to bottom in form of Sulfuride(???)
Sea calcium presents an extraordinary mobility determined by abundance and distribution of oceanic organisms, because concentrated calcium for alive beings form its skeleton or shell and is dissolved slowly after death. For that reason quantity of calcium in the sea is constant, due it cyclical behavior.
The sixth element in abundance is potassium that has its constant relationship with chlorine. In coast areas the quantity of potassium can modify when being assimilated by marine vegetables that upholster coastal bottom. In quantity of potassium other factors also intervene: contribute of sweet water, presence in sea water of organic substance in decomposition (detritus) and formation of compound loamy. Bromine forms bromides, although its proportion is small (65 g/m³ ). Strontium is an element that has been in the oceanic water but it has been little studied. It can be part of the skeleton of some marine organisms. The last elements that the chemical oceanógrafos considers as main components of the water of the sea are the boron and the fluorine. Boron is in form of boric acid and collaborates in balance of carbohydrates. Fluorine constitutes fluorides being little known its meaning in sea.
it will continue...
PART 1: CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEA(By Manuel Palacios, From his book: "70%. Therapeutic use of the internal and external sea")
Sea hides, disseminated in the breast of its waters, thousands of millions of tons of approximately 77 chemical elements: chlorine, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, aluminum, iodine, copper, zinc, mercury, gold, phosphates and many other . At current time, three main minerals that are extracted in profitable way from the sea are salt (only product that man obtains in big quantities); magnesium (together with its compounds), and bromine.
The existence of different salts dissolved in sea water is due that during thousands millions of years, rivers constantly have transported substances coming from erosion(rains), until ocean .
Salt concentration stays more or less constant although glide waters contribute annually with 400 million tons of solid substances besides that, when evaporating ocean water, this passes to atmosphere in form of distilled water leaving salts.Concentration changes that could happen by these phenomenons are very small (is difficult that man can perceive them)
Sea water is compound by 96.5 percent of water and 3.5 percent of dissolved salts; on average it contains 35 grams of salts per liter,(It has 35 parts per thousand (35,000)), although this proportion varies according to areas of the planet being the half term from 27 to 33 parts per thousand; i.e.Baltic Sea has great quantity of sweet water, it salinity is from zero to two parts per thousand (it´s reallly a big lake), while Red and Dead Sea reach more than 40 parts; Mediterranean Sea presents the average from 37 to 39 and some arctic seas from 30 to 33 parts per thousand.
Main chemical elements in sea are: chlorine, sodium, carbon, sulfur, calcium, potassium and magnesium. These elements are associate among them forming very varied combinations: i.e: carbon forms carbonates and bicarbonates, sulfur forms sulfates, chlorine is presented in form of chlorides. Among all these substances dissolved in sea water, sodium chloride is the most abundant and represent 80 percent of salts that compose this water.
Also, in ocean are disolved all gases that are in the tmosphere like nitrogen, oxygen, carbonic dioxide and strange gases distributed in variable quantities depending of physical characteristics, mainly temperature and salinity that determine their concentration of them in the water from the surface when establishing a balance with the atmosphere and when controlling the solubility of these gases. Metabolic action of organisms that live in sea influences in changes of concentration of gases dissolved in water. Oxygen have big importance in these biological processes, and for that reason, it the most studied. Carbonic dioxide is also important in these processes, on the other hand the nitrogen is seemingly inert.
Marine organisms use chemical elements in different ways. Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are employees in photosynthesis, process that uses sun (light) energy to transform inorganic substance, as the dioxide of carbon and other, in organic substances, like carbohydrates, fats and proteins. The aquatic vegetables take advantage of the solar radiation better that terrestrial ones, Chlorella algae it takes advantage of 2% of incident light, against 1% of terrestrial plants. These aquatic vegetables are in depths less than 200 meters, since sunlight only penetrates until those areas; however other organisms like bacterias and the red and brown algae, that live deeper and do chemical reactions to obtain energy and produce new organic matter through chemicalsynthesis.
Chlorine and sodium are fundamental constituents sea water in form of sodium chloride (common salt) and represents 80 % of salts in solution. This quantity and composition of chlorine and sodium in seawater are very similar to organic liquids as blood, visceral liquids that form the internal evironment of animals and they role is decisive in physiology, functions of these alive beings. After chlorine and sodium, magnesium is the most abundant element in sea water. It is in a constant relationship regarding chlorine. It combines with other elements forming magnesium chloride , magnesium sulfate and magnesium bromide and it is present in skeleton of some marine organisms. The sulfur is in form of sulfates, whose concentration varies little, although they can change its proportions notably in waters near to coast due influence of fluvial waters, richer in sulfates than marine ones. In oceanic basins as Black Sea, bacterias don't need oxygen to breathe, and reduce marine sulfates and make them throw to bottom in form of Sulfuride(???)
Sea calcium presents an extraordinary mobility determined by abundance and distribution of oceanic organisms, because concentrated calcium for alive beings form its skeleton or shell and is dissolved slowly after death. For that reason quantity of calcium in the sea is constant, due it cyclical behavior.
The sixth element in abundance is potassium that has its constant relationship with chlorine. In coast areas the quantity of potassium can modify when being assimilated by marine vegetables that upholster coastal bottom. In quantity of potassium other factors also intervene: contribute of sweet water, presence in sea water of organic substance in decomposition (detritus) and formation of compound loamy. Bromine forms bromides, although its proportion is small (65 g/m³ ). Strontium is an element that has been in the oceanic water but it has been little studied. It can be part of the skeleton of some marine organisms. The last elements that the chemical oceanógrafos considers as main components of the water of the sea are the boron and the fluorine. Boron is in form of boric acid and collaborates in balance of carbohydrates. Fluorine constitutes fluorides being little known its meaning in sea.
it will continue...
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